Kagayanen language

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Kagayanen
Native to | Philippines
Region | eastern Palawan

Native speakers

30,000 (2007)[1]

Language family

Austronesian

Malayo-Polynesian

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Manobo

North

Kagayanen

Language codes
ISO 639-3 | cgc
Glottolog | kaga1256[2]
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

The Kagayanen language is spoken in the province of Palawan in the Philippines. It belongs to the Manobo subgroup of the Austronesian language family, and is the only member of this subgroup that is not spoken on Mindanao or nearby islands.

Contents

1 Distribution

2 Phonology

3 Notes

4 References

Distribution[edit]

Kagayanen is spoken in the following areas (Ethnologue).

Palawan Province: Cagayancillo Island between Negros and Palawan

Palawan coastal communities

southern Palawan: Balabac Island

northern Palawan: Busuanga and Coron

other areas around the Philippines: Iloilo Province; Silay, Negros; Manila; Quezon and Rizal areas

Phonology[edit]

Kagayanen consonant phonemes[3]

| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal
Nasal | | m | | n | | | ŋ |
Stop | p | b | t | d | | k | g | ʔ |
Fricative | | s | | | | (h) |

Approximant
(Lateral)

ð̞

j

w

| | l | | |
Rhotic | | | r | | |

[h] occurs only in loan words, proper names, or in words that have [h] in the cognates of neighboring languages.[4] Outside of loanwords, /d/ becomes [r] between vowels.[5]

Comparative and historical evidence suggests that /ð̞/ and /l/ were in complementary distribution before a split occurred with pressure from contact with English, Spanish, and Tagalog.[6]

Vowels of Kagayanen[7]

| Front | Central | Back
Close | i | ə | u
Open | | a |

/i/ ranges between [i] and [e], except in unstressed syllables (as well as before consonant clusters) where it lowers to [ɪ] or [ɛ].[8] Similarly, /u/ lowers to [ʊ] in unstressed syllables, before consonant clusters, and word-finally. It is otherwise [u].[9]

Notes[edit]

^ Kagayanen at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kagayanen". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

^ Olson et al. (2010:206)

^ Olson et al. (2010:206), citing MacGregor (1995:365)

^ Olson et al. (2010:207)

^ Olson et al. (2010:207–209)

^ Olson & Mielke (2007)

^ Olson & Mielke (2007:845)

^ Olson & Mielke (2007:847)

References[edit]

MacGregor, Louise A. (1995), "Kagayanen: Introduction and wordlist", in Tryon, Darrell T. (ed.), Comparative Austronesian dictionary: An introduction to Austronesian studies, part 1: fascicle 1, Trends in Linguistics., 10, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 363–368

Olson, Kenneth S.; Mielke, Jeff (2007), "Acoustic properties of the Kagayanen vowel space", in Trouvain, Jürgen; Barry, William (eds.), Proceedinngs of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (PDF), Universität des Saarlandes, pp. 845–848, retrieved 2009-03-15

Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J., III (2010), "The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (2): 199–215, doi:10.1017/S0025100309990296

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Philippine languages

Batanic (Bashiic)

Itbayat

Ivatan

Yami

Northern
Luzon

Ilocano

Arta †

Dicamay Agta †

Cagayan Valley

Ibanag

Isnag

Atta

Itawis

Yogad

Cagayan Aeta

Gaddang

Ga'dang

South-Central
Cordilleran

Pangasinan

Northern Alta

Southern Alta

Isinai

Itneg

Kalinga

Ifugao

Tuwali ?

Balangao

Bontok-Finallig

Kankanaey

Ilongot

Ibaloi

Iwaak

Kalanguya

Karao

Central Luzon

Kapampangan

Remontado Agta (Sinauna)

Sambalic

Abellen

Ambala

Bolinao

Botolan

Mag-antsi

Mag-indi

Mariveleño

Sambal

Northern Mindoro

Alangan

Iraya

Tadyawan

Greater
Central
Philippine

Southern Mindoro

Buhid

Hanuno'o

Tawbuid

Central
Philippine

Tagalic

Tagalog

Kasiguranin

Bikol

Central Bikol

Isarog Agta

Mount Iraya Agta

Albay Bikol

Mount Iriga Agta

Rinconada

Pandan Bikol

Visayan

Cebuano

Boholano ?

Hiligaynon

Waray

Tausug

Karay-a

Sulod

Aklanon

Capiznon

Asi

Baybayanon

Kabalian

Bantayanon

Porohanon

Romblomanon

Caluyanon

Onhan

Cuyunon

Ratagnon

Surigaonon

Butuanon

Bisakol ?

Masbateño

Sorsoganon

Mansakan

Davawenyo

Kalagan

Kamayo

Mamanwa

Mandaya

Mansaka

(unclassified)

Karolanos

Magahat

Ata †

Palawan

Aborlan Tagbanwa

Central Tagbanwa

Palawan Batak

Palawano

Subanen

Subanen

Danao

Maguindanao

Maranao

Iranun

Manobo

Agusan

Ata Manobo

Matigsalug

Obo

Ilianen

Western Bukidnon

Binukid

Higaonon

Kagayanen

Kamigin

Cotabato Manobo

Sarangani

Tagabawa

Gorontalo-Mongondow

Bolango

Buol

Bintauna

Gorontalo

Kaidipang

Lolak

Suwawa

Mongondow

Ponosakan

Kalamian

Agutaynen

Calamian Tagbanwa

Bilic

Giangan

B'laan

T'boli

Tiruray

Sangiric

Sangirese

Talaud

Bantik

Ratahan

Minahasan

Tonsawang

Tontemboan

Tombulu

Tondano

Tonsea

Unclassified

Umiray Dumaget

Ati

Manide-Inagta

Inagta Alabat

Manide

† indicates extinct status

? indicates classification dispute

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Languages of the Philippines

Official languages

Filipino

English

Regional languages

Aklanon

Bikol

Cebuano

Chavacano

Hiligaynon

Ibanag

Ilocano

Ivatan

Kapampangan

Karay-a

Maguindanao

Maranao

Pangasinan

Sambal

Surigaonon

Tagalog

Tausug

Waray

Yakan

Indigenous languages
(by region)

Luzon

Ilocos

Bolinao

Cordillera

Atta

Balangao

Bontoc

Ga'dang

Kalanguya

Kalinga

Kankanaey

Ibaloi

Ifugao

Isnag

Itneg

Itawis

Iwaak

Malaweg

Tuwali

Cagayan Valley

Arta

Atta

Central Cagayan Agta

Dinapigue Agta

Dupaningan Agta

Gaddang

Ilongot

Isinai

Itbayat

Itawis

Kalanguya

Karao

Malaweg

Nagtipunan Agta

Paranan Agta

Paranan

Yogad

Central Luzon

Abellen

Ambala

Antsi

Botolan

Casiguran Dumagat Agta

Indi

Kasiguranin

Mariveleño

Northern Alta

Southern Alta

Umiray Dumaget

Calabarzon

Inagta Alabat

Manide

Remontado Agta

Southern Alta

Umiray Dumaget

Metro Manila

Hokaglish

Taglish

Mimaropa

Agutaynen

Alangan

Asi

Calamian Tagbanwa

Central Tagbanwa

Cuyonon

Iraya

Kagayanen

Molbog

Onhan

Palawan Batak

Palawano

Ratagnon

Romblomanon

Tadyawan

Bicol

Albay Bikol

Inagta Partido

Manide

Masbateño

Mount Iraya Agta

Pandan Bikol

Rinconada Bikol

Sorsoganon

Southern Catanduanes Bikol

Visayas

Western Visayas

Ati

Caluyanon

Capiznon

Sulod

Negros Island (defunct)

Ata

Karolanos

Magahat

Central Visayas

Bantayanon

Eskayan

Porohanon

Eastern Visayas

Abaknon

Baybay

Kabalian

Mindanao

Zamboanga Peninsula

Subanon

Northern Mindanao

Bukid

Higaonon

Ilianen

Iranun

Kamigin

Matigsalug

Subanon

Western Bukidnon

Caraga

Agusan

Ata Manobo

Butuanon

Higaonon

Kamayo

Mamanwa

Davao

Blaan

Davaoeño

Giangan

Kalagan

Mandaya

Mansaka

Obo

Sangirese

Sarangani

Tagabawa

Soccsksargen

Blaan

Cotabato Manobo

Ilianen

Iranun

Obo

Tboli

Tiruray

Muslim Mindanao

Iranun

Pangutaran Sama

Sama

Immigrant languages

Arabic

Basque

Chinese

Hokkien

Mandarin

French

German

Japanese

Korean

Malay

Indonesian

Malaysian

Sindhi

Spanish

History

Vietnamese

Sign languages

American Sign

Philippine Sign

Historical languages

Proto-Philippine

Old Tagalog

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This page was last edited on 4 May 2019, at 14:50 (UTC).

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